Part 11: Page Object Model (POM) Design in Appium (Android)

What Is a Page Object Model (POM)?
Why Use POM? — Table
POM Project Structure Example
Step-by-Step Example: Login Page Using POM
Benefits of This Approach
Real-World Tip:

What Is a Page Object Model (POM)?

The Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used in test automation to:

Organize your code
Avoid duplication
Separate test logic from UI structure

In POM, each screen or page of your app becomes a separate Java class with:

All element locators
All interactions (like click, send text, etc.)

Why Use POM? — Table

Without POM

With POM

Repeating locators in every test

One place to manage locators

Messy and hard to maintain

Organized, modular structure

Hard to debug

Easy to debug or change in one place

Code is mixed with UI elements

Logic is clean and reusable

POM Project Structure Example

				
					AppiumProject/
│
├── base/
│   └── BaseTest.java
│
├── pages/
│   ├── LoginPage.java
│   └── HomePage.java
│
├── tests/
│   └── LoginTest.java
│
└── utils/
    └── DriverFactory.java

1. BaseTest.java (Reusable setup)

				
					package base;

import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

import java.net.URL;

public class BaseTest {
    public static AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver;

    public void setup() {
        try {
            DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();
            caps.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
            caps.setCapability("platformVersion", "12");
            caps.setCapability("deviceName", "Android Emulator");
            caps.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
            caps.setCapability("appPackage", "com.example");
            caps.setCapability("appActivity", "com.example.LoginActivity");

            URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
            driver = new AndroidDriver<>(url, caps);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

2. LoginPage.java (Page Object class)

				
					package pages;

import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;

public class LoginPage {

    private AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver;

    public LoginPage(AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    // Locators
    private String usernameField = "com.example:id/username";
    private String passwordField = "com.example:id/password";
    private String loginButton = "com.example:id/loginBtn";

    // Actions
    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        driver.findElementById(usernameField).sendKeys(username);
    }
    


    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        driver.findElementById(passwordField).sendKeys(password);
    }

    public void tapLogin() {
        driver.findElementById(loginButton).click();
    }
}

3. LoginTest.java (Actual test)

				
					package tests;

import base.BaseTest;
import pages.LoginPage;

public class LoginTest extends BaseTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LoginTest test = new LoginTest();
        test.setup();

        // Create Page Object
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);

        // Test steps
        loginPage.enterUsername("admin");
        loginPage.enterPassword("1234");
        loginPage.tapLogin();

        test.tearDown();
    }
}